Never leave your router's administrator name and password at their default values as they anyone can find them via an Internet search. Always change these values when configuring your wireless router. At a minimum, change the password to a strong password you'll remember.
These days I have been playing with my new WLAN router, a TP-Link TD-W8970, and I have found a particularly interesting issue that affects other TP-Link routers as well. These routers can be recognized by the ESSID key TP-LINK_XXXXXX. Their default key for WPA/WPA2 and WEP is 10 and 13 characters in length respectively, apparently in range [0-9A-Z] and randomly generated by the EasySetupAssistant.
Wpa Default Keys
Based on this, the corresponding handshake of such a WPA/WPA2 key, bruteforced with typical GPU speeds of 20000 keys / second, would require 36^10 / 20000 seconds = 182807922003.1488 seconds = 5796.8011 years to be cracked. However, by disassembling the setup assistant, I realized this key is generated from a 32-bit seed by following a linear congruential generator reducing our key set from 36^10 keys to 2^32 keys. The reversed generator is:
Furthermore, note how the for any length and 32-bit integer seed k following condition holds: gen(k, length) == gen(k + 0x80000000, length). This reduces the keys to check to 2^31. At the previously mentioned computing speed, this implies finding such a key in 231 / 20000 seconds = 1.24 days.
If we can estimate the time interval in which the router was installed, we can reduce the total seeds from 2^31 to the seeds that could be generated in that specific time interval. For instance, if we are confident that such a router was installed during 2012, we would only have to check the keys corresponding to seeds between 0x4EFFA3AD y 0x50E22700:
The field requires a password of 8 63 characters(letters, numbers or a combination) or 64 hex digits to start the encryption process. If you leave this field blank, the default [00000000] will be assigned as your password.
This option is applicable to the Combo port of copper port + fiber port. If both the copper port and the fiber port are plugged with cable, the fiber port will be prioritized by default; if the copper port is used at first, and then the cable is plugged into the fiber port, after reboot the fiber port will be used for data transmission. You can specify how to use a copper port or fiber port. For detailed options, see the following instructions:
I was wondering, how safe the default configuration of a Fritz!Box really is.By default, there is a 16 digit WPA2 key, which contains only numbers.My first though was, that bruteforcing is right easy, because it only containes numbers.
As for rainbow tables regarding the 16 lenght number default password on FritzBox , YES, if somebody had them already made, you could calculate for your FritzBox if it has a default password or no (all possibilities, 16 numbers).But as regarding to MAKE a rainbow-table for 16lenght numbers for FritzBox, it would take 63 years (same time as dictionary attack or even a bit slower) and some PB , thousnds and thausends of TB of space. But yes, if anyone would make a rainbowtable with some super-computer and store it on his super-drive, it would work for all future probes (ofcourse only with same ESSID (wlan NAME) , for example only for "Fritz!Box FON Wlan 7390". For EVERY ESSID you would have to make a new rainbow table. In practice, I higlhly doubt that anyone has a rainbow table for any of Fritz!Box which include all default WPA's (16 lenght numeric key).
If I were you, I would try to calculate the algorithm, with which they (the factory) calculate the default WPA key. You can find at least a dozen of FORUMs, WIKIs etc (most in German) ,where they are trying to calulate the secret, from which the factory calculates the default WPA keys for their boxes. As I understood , the calculate them from the MAC (every box has more than 1 MAC, one for WLAN, one for ETH, itd. , from serial number, and from default ESSID. Good luck decrypting the alghoritm.
1. Note: If you didn't change the default password when you set up your router, it may have been changed to your router's serial number to provide greater security. You can find your router's serial number on a label affixed to the bottom or back of your router.
2. Note: If you didn't change the default password when you set up your router, it may have been changed to your router's serial number to provide greater security. You can find your router's serial number on a label affixed to the bottom or back of your router.
WPA2 is a standard for wireless security, and is the default type of wireless security Bell Wi-Fi uses. Your WPA2 key is an alpha-numeric Wi-Fi network password. Without this password you cannot access your Bell Wi-Fi network.
Alternatively, wpa_cli set can be used to see options' status or set new ones. Multiple network blocks may be appended to this configuration: the supplicant will handle association to and roaming between all of them. The strongest signal defined with a network block usually is connected to by default, one may define priority= to influence behaviour. For example to auto-connect to any unsecured network as a fallback with the lowest priority:
Once you have finished the configuration file, you can optionally use it as a system-wide or per-interface default configuration by naming it according to the paths listed in #At boot (systemd). This also applies if you use additional network manager tools, which may rely on the paths (for example Dhcpcd#10-wpa_supplicant).
The default configuration of wpa_supplicant has relatively timid roaming: it will rescan only when the association to the current access point is lost. This means that, if a client moves far away from its current access point, but not far enough to completely lose signal, the client will keep using the weak signal instead of roaming to a closer access point.
Disclaimer: This site is here to help users secure their wireless network by educating them. Use only to test your own wireless network. Don't be a jerk and do not use the keys to "hack" your neighbors. Tell them to change their default passwords instead.
Note: SSIDs broadcasted by repeater APs in a mesh deployment can't use NAS-IP-Address attribute because repeater APs do not have IP addresses assigned. You can use NAS-ID attribute instead, which by default carries NODE_MAC:VAP_NUM.
After installation, Cisco ISE generates, by default, a self-signed local certificate and private key, and stores them on the server. This certificate will be used by default for WPA2-Enterprise. In a self-signed certificate, the hostname of Cisco ISE is used as the common name (CN) because it is required for HTTPS communication.
Note: Using a self-signed certificate is not recommended for RADIUS. In order to use the default self-signed cert, clients will need to be configured to not validate the RADIUS server's identity. Please refer to our RADIUS documentation for certificate options on the RADIUS server.
(Aruba3600) (SSID Profile "ssidprofile") #opmode wpa-psk-tkipError: dot1x profile needs to be enabled in aaa profile "default" to support opmode "wpa-psk-tkip" configured in ssid profile "ssidprofile"
Within the VAP that contains your SSID profile "ssidprofile", is a AAA profile (in your case "default"). That AAA profile has a dot1x-profile inside it. That needs to be configured to support PSK. Just make sure you don't have any other VAPs using the same AAA profile, and if not (if 'ssidprofile' is your only SSID), then you can change the dot1x profile to 'default-psk'.
Wireless interfaces are brought up and down with the wifi command. To (re)start the wireless after a configuration change, use wifi, to disable the wireless, run wifi down. In case your platform carries multiple wireless devices it is possible to start or run down each of them individually by making the wifi command be followed by the device name as a second parameter. Note: The wifi command has an optional first parameter that defaults to up , i.e. start the device. To make the second parameter indeed a second parameter it is mandatory to give a first parameter which can be anything except down. E.g. to start the interface wlan2 issue: wifi up wlan2; to stop that interface: wifi down wlan2. If the platform has also e.g. wlan0 and wlan1 these will not be touched by stopping or starting wlan2 selectively.
The default max channel width VT20 i.e. 20MHz supports a max speed of 150Mbps.Increasing this to 40MHz will increase the maximum theoretical speed to 300Mbps.The catch is that in areas with a lot of Wi-Fi traffic (and Bluetooth etc. which share the same radio frequencies), 40MHz may decrease your overall speed.Devices should detect interference when using 40MHz, and drop back to 20MHz.Edit htmode options in the file /etc/config/wireless and restart the Wi-Fi AP to test various channel widths.Note that option htmode should be set to either HT40+ (for channels 1-7) or HT40- (for channels 5-11) or simply HT40.
When using the mac80211 device, you can choose to enable/disable a number of high-throughput capabilities by setting any of the following options in the wifi-device section.Most capabilities are detected and enabled by default (in Barrier Breaker or later).
Selecting None disables decryption. Selecting Wireshark uses Wireshark's built-in decryption features. Driver will pass the keys on to the AirPcap adapter so that 802.11 traffic is decrypted before it's passed on to Wireshark. Driver mode only supports WEP keys.
WPA and WPA2 use keys derived from an EAPOL handshake, which occurs when a machine joins a Wi-Fi network, to encrypt traffic. Unless all four handshake packets are present for the session you're trying to decrypt, Wireshark won't be able to decrypt the traffic. You can use the display filter eapol to locate EAPOL packets in your capture. 2ff7e9595c
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